Learn Fifty-eight original destinations cover the declared algebra-based fields, circuits, magnetism/induction, waves/acoustics, optics and introductory modern-physics scope, with two cumulative sensing/calibration cases. Independent scientific and source/action review passed for this finite scope. Authored scope is distinct from independently demonstrated competence, practical participation or institutional credit.
This is the course outline. Open a unit to choose a lesson; every lesson opens on its own page. Explanations and experiments live inside those lesson pages.
Preparation: College Physics I mechanics and energy or equivalent algebra, scientific notation, signed components, square roots and graph interpretation. No calculus is required. Virtual source and instrument models are explicitly bounded.
Course outcome: Close charge-recipient accounts; resolve source fields separately from probe force; distinguish scalar potential, vector field and pair energy; stop trajectories at valid boundaries; infer source/calibration parameters while preserving alternative explanations, then analyze circuit/induction energy, signed flux, wave boundaries, coherence, medium-frame frequency and signed optical imaging/phase evidence under explicit constraints; then reconcile photon/atomic/nuclear accounts and distinguish detector calibration, intrinsic spread, decay, attenuation and count statistics; defend a cumulative optical-readout and acoustic-clock inference with independent calibration and explicit uncertainty.
All lessons are directly accessible. Reused foundation explanations are identified where relevant; completing a different course does not award this course's evidence. The 58 registered lessons keep separate predictions, captures, practice responses and reflections.
Build signed source representations, predict force and energy changes, and infer geometry only under tested model and calibration assumptions.
Hold the first transfer at four electrons and compare reservoir transfers zero, two and six. Retain both subsystem and full-system totals. Draw a separate neutral-polarization picture with no net transferred charge, and explain why an attraction observation would not uniquely identify net sign.
Compare offsets −1, 0 and +1 µN at fixed source charge, retaining raw ratios and recovered force. Then change source magnitude. Freeze a third-distance prediction before revealing it; name a non-electrical calibration alternative if it disagrees.
Compare second-source charges −4, 0 and +4 nC and retain each source component separately. Then hold sources fixed and change only the probe sign, including zero. Explain which arrows change and why a field-line picture is not a particle track.
Hold separation at 2 m and compare right charges 1,5,9 nC. Predict the direction of null motion before checking. Draw the separate equal-and-opposite midpoint case and use vector arrows and scalar signs to explain its contrasting cancellations.
Compare central charges −2,0,+2 nC at shell total +1 nC, retaining inner/outer totals and all three field regions. Then set shell total to minus the central charge. Explain which regions become field-free and why a charged cavity can still retain a field.
Compare third charges −3,0,+3 nC at one geometry. Retain first-pair energy and third-insertion work separately. Then double L. Explain why removing the third charge leaves nonzero first-pair energy even though the third insertion term vanishes.
Compare E=−100,0,+100 N/C at fixed horizontal speed. Then increase speed to 3 m/s and classify the first event again. Retain event times, endpoint and work/energy residual rather than extrapolating all paths to the far edge.
Change only C first and retain the unchanged field. Then change a and draw the new normal and equipotential direction with common spatial scales. Compare independent endpoint uncertainty with a common offset, and propose a fourth probe location that tests the uniform-field assumption.
Compare gaps 1,2,3 mm while keeping the stray contribution fixed. Plot charge against voltage and retain slope and intercept separately. Explain why doubling the gap does not halve the total measured slope when a nonzero fixed stray capacitance remains.
Change only the voltage offset and show that both neighboring differences remain unchanged. Then change source position and recover all parameters. Freeze a field prediction before revealing it, and explain why another voltage used in fitting is weaker evidence than a truly independent measurement.
Analyze resistor and capacitor topology, source and meter nonideality, piecewise energy and initial-value transients while separating calibration from physical inference.
Compare B=10,20,30 Ω at fixed A=20 Ω. Predict the unchanged branch current before checking. Retain the node and power residuals, then redraw the same connections in a different spatial layout without changing the calculations.
Compare Rv=10,30,50 kΩ at zero burden, then hold Rv fixed and increase burden. Retain the original lower-resistor current separately from total current. Identify which ideal limit removes each disturbance.
Hold r=1 Ω and compare supported loads. Plot load power and separately retain efficiency. Explain why a higher terminal voltage can coexist with lower delivered power and name an independent observation needed before treating r as constant.
Compare I=0,.5,1 A at fixed β. Retain the undefined zero-current chord state instead of inventing a zero resistance. Change h on paper and show why a finite-step response is not automatically the same as a chord ratio.
Change the first active interval while keeping the second fixed. Retain both added active energy and displaced standby energy. Compare a hypothetical second schedule with the same energy but a different peak power, and explain why energy equality does not establish equal heating peaks.
Compare equal and unequal capacitances in both topologies. Retain individual voltages, charges and energy before summing. Then describe what extra datum would be needed if the isolated midpoint began with nonzero net charge.
Compare isolated and connected constraints for κ=1,3,5. Retain source work and mechanical work separately instead of calling a stored-energy decrease unexplained loss. Explain why κ=1 is an exact no-change boundary.
Compare t=0,τ and a long-time limit for two resistances. Retain initial and final states before evaluating an intermediate value. Verify source work equals energy change plus heat, and explain why a larger R changes timescale but not the ideal final stored energy.
Compare offsets −1,0,+1 V at one gain and show which differences remain invariant. Then change gain and check that inferred τ remains the same while fitted amplitude changes. Freeze a third-second prediction and propose an independent reference to distinguish gain from initial voltage.
Resolve charge/current force geometry, distinguish source-field inference from sensor baseline, and close flux, motional, transformed and self-inductive energy accounts.
Compare speeds2,3,4 m/s for both charge signs and neutral charge. Retain component forces before summing. Explain why a neutral undeflected record and a nonzero-charge balanced record support different inferences.
Compare positive, negative and zero charge at the same field. Retain radius/period only when defined, plus exact one-second coordinates. Then double B and predict both radius and period changes before checking.
Compare 0,30,90,180 degrees at fixed current. Retain signed z force rather than only magnitude. Sketch a rectangular closed loop and identify two forces that cancel as vectors but can still produce a torque.
Compare0,60,90,180 degrees at fixed current. Retain torque and potential separately. Perturb each zero-torque state by a small angle and use the potential change to classify stability.
Change only offset and compare raw ratios with difference-based current. Freeze the third-radius prediction. Separately compare an ideal solenoid with n doubled at fixed I and a loop with R doubled at fixed NI: predict factors two and one half.
Compare normal angles0,60,90,120 degrees and two durations. Retain initial/final signed flux before computing emf. Then on paper hold B=.2 T and rotate one .02 m² turn from aligned to perpendicular: flux changes by−.004 Wb rather than zero.
Compare two speeds at fixed load and two loads at fixed speed. Retain the external maintaining force and all three power forms. Explain what equation would be added if the external agent stopped maintaining speed.
Compare frequencies10,20,40 Hz at one turns ratio, then change turns ratio at one frequency. Retain peak, rms and signed mean separately. Explain why doubling secondary voltage across the same resistor quadruples power and changes the required primary current.
Compare t=0, one time constant and a late-time limit. Retain source work, heat and stored energy independently. Then change L at fixed R and predict how half-rise time changes without changing final current.
Distinguish phase travel, local motion, coherent amplitude, mean-square pressure and medium-frame frequency; infer source/background or timing parameters without reusing calibration as validation.
Predict the two observer displacements at t=0,.125,.25 s before reading them. Change wavelength while retaining period and amplitude. Explain which speed changes, which does not and which additional record would remove a whole-period delay ambiguity.
Compare density ratios .25,1,4 at fixed tension. Retain signed displacement ratios and positive power fractions separately. Explain the transmitted-amplitude-above-one case using impedance rather than calling it energy amplification.
Fit source strength and background from the first two radii, freeze the third-radius prediction and only then reveal it. Repeat with zero background and compare level drops. Propose one fresh observation that could detect a directional rather than isotropic source.
Predict values at path differences 0,.25,.5,1 wavelengths for b=.5 and 1. Retain pressure amplitude and its square separately. Explain why halving a pressure amplitude reduces its mean-square by four, and why cancellation at one point is not a whole-field energy balance.
Compare Δ=0,2,4 Hz and amplitude ratios .5 and 1. Count envelope maxima over one second before consulting the recurrence ledger. Distinguish the zero-frequency-difference case from a nonzero difference with incomplete cancellation.
Compare (vs,vo)=(20,0),(0,−20),(20,20) and (−20,0) m/s. Predict whether each shift is upward, absent or downward. Retain wavelength and front-crossing speed separately before forming the observed frequency.
Compare both topologies at lengths .5,1,1.5 m. Sketch pressure and displacement nodes independently and predict the next resonance before revealing it. Explain why a 1:3 ratio suggests but does not uniquely prove a closed/open tube if some modes could be missing from a measured record.
Fit speed and latency from the two known ranges, freeze the 1.5 m prediction, then reveal it. Change latency while retaining speed and show why differencing is robust to that common offset. Explain which additional record could expose a wrong echo assignment or a nonlinear timing response.
Classify reflection/refraction and signed image branches, reconcile multi-element conjugates, and distinguish interference geometry, aperture criteria, film phase and polarization from calibrated power or visibility claims.
Keep β=30° and compare α=−10°,0°,10°. Draw the normal before labeling angles and retain the incoming/outgoing vectors. Separately place a virtual plane-mirror object 3 cm in front and predict its image location and orientation.
Compare a=.75,1,1.25 for each allowed second index. Record the branch before calculating a transmitted angle. Explain why a field-amplitude or power claim cannot be inferred solely from a geometric direction drawing.
Compare objects inside, at and beyond the positive focal distance, then switch to negative f. Sketch two principal rays before consulting the image location. State which images can be screen-focused and why the focal case is not assigned a large arbitrary number.
Compare o=6,12,18,36 cm for a converging lens and one matching diverging-lens case. Retain signed image coordinates and magnification separately. Use a third ray to check a first two-ray construction and name a physical assumption that could invalidate the thin-lens result.
Classify the second object as real, virtual or focal before solving each allowed separation. Retain both local distances and global positions. Explain why the d=10 case needs a negative second object distance even though the original object was real.
Compute order1 and4 locations for two wavelengths, retaining the approximation error separately from the envelope factor. Predict the first two-slit dark direction and explain why it differs from a single-slit first zero. Propose which geometry change would move a missing order.
Compare slit widths20,40,80 µm and circular diameters2,3,4 mm. Retain the two independent geometries and compare the stated source separation with the circular criterion. Explain which real-system observation could invalidate a claim based only on the ideal aperture formula.
Predict which thickness condition applies before counting wavelengths. Compare zero thickness and the first constructive thickness, then change the assumed substrate index and explain which relative reflection phase changes. Keep a phase-condition result separate from a calibrated reflectance claim.
Compare θ=0°,45°,90° with β=90°. Retain each intermediate intensity and its relative projection angle. Then place infrared and ultraviolet on opposite sides of visible light and predict which has the larger vacuum wavelength without assigning a health threshold.
Fit red index and angular offset from two records, freeze the third-angle prediction and then reveal it. Compare the separately supplied blue prediction and state which additional wavelength observation would actually test dispersion. Explain why a red-only fit is insufficient for that claim.
Distinguish individual-event energy from statistical supply, check matter-wave and bound-state models, reconcile nuclear identities and mass energy, and separate detector calibration, decay, attenuation and counting spread.
Compare energies 1.5,2,2.5 eV at fixed power, then powers 0,1,2 nW at 3 eV. Retain the zero-power and exact-threshold branches separately. Explain why a conditional upper energy bound is not a measured electron event.
Compare 0°,90°,180° at two incident energies. Reconstruct recoil from the vector difference before using its energy formula. Retain both residuals and quantify where the classical kinetic estimate disagrees.
Compare first-order existence at 25 and100 V for spacing 0.2 nm, then change spacing while keeping energy fixed. Record the candidate sine and speed/c before reporting a direction. State why grating and crystal angle conventions differ.
Compare widths 0.1,0.2,0.4 nm at the same center, then translate the center at fixed width. Predict height, spread and product separately. Explain why estimating a mean from more events does not create a state with a smaller intrinsic σx.
Compare upper levels 3,4,6 at fixed lower2, then switch the lower level to 1. Predict gap and wavelength direction before calculating. Compare a bound transition with ionization and identify which intensity or orbital claims remain unsupported.
Vary gain and offset separately, using only the first two references. Freeze the third prediction before checking. Describe one independent calibration failure that a same-generator perfect fit cannot exclude.
Compare equal, below and above-gap photons, then hold photon energy fixed while changing gap. Retain photon rate, current and selected energy shares separately. Explain why no full electrical output efficiency follows.
Compare all four identity modes at fixed mass difference, then vary the difference through negative, zero and positive values. State which balances survive and which conclusions about real decay remain unestablished. Contrast nuclear and neutral-atomic mass conventions before using a table.
Fit first three expectation records without reading the hidden half-life or baseline, then freeze the12 min prediction. Compare a raw-ratio estimate with the difference method. State what independent efficiency or source-composition evidence would be needed to infer activity or age.
Compare thickness 0,H,2H with baseline retained and removed. Separately calculate one-minute gross and background-subtracted counting spreads. Explain why thickness, observation duration, source half-life and biological dose cannot be interchanged.
Defend a cross-category sensing model with declared inter-stage premises, independent conservation and calibration checks, unfamiliar quantitative tasks and retained critique/revision rather than a completion counter.
Choose two object positions at one photon energy and two photon energies at one object position. Freeze the image/readout predictions before revealing them. Reconstruct charge and energy accounts, then identify one unsupported cross-stage inference and the independent observation that would test it.
Fit two echo records and freeze a third prediction. Independently fit three decay expectation records and freeze a fourth. Compare exact sound speed with its330–350 m/s bound and explain why more same-model samples cannot resolve the remaining gain/speed ambiguity.
Keep predictions before comparison, complete raw records and units, explain competing models and test a changed case. Supplied and simulated data are labeled in each lesson. A saved notebook is not proof of experimental technique or correct reasoning.
Evidence to retain: Predict signed image geometry independently of stipulated optical power, retain threshold and current conversion premises, then reconcile readout charge and finite-time circuit energy. Reject a magnification-to-power shortcut without invalidating the valid image relation.
Boundary: Virtual paraxial geometry and ideal supplied current-output response; no actual optical/electrical operation or complete detector conversion-efficiency claim.
Evidence to retain: Fit two echo references and reserve a third, fit three decay rates and reserve a fourth, then propagate an independent sound-speed bound through shared timestamp gain. Separate echo latency from separately zeroed decay time and independently calibrated rate units.
Boundary: Synthetic independently specified distance/rate standards, not authenticated physical data collection or a real radioactive source. Shape validation does not prove the independent medium-speed premise.
Evidence to retain: Retain per-event energy, expectation rate and threshold branches separately; reconstruct vector recoil and compare its relativistic energy; predict a matter-wave order before evaluating an angle; distinguish probability density and intrinsic spread from an instrument offset.
Boundary: Virtual supplied models only. No illumination, particle acceleration, vacuum equipment, physical exposure or claim that a plotted distribution reveals individual trajectories.
Evidence to retain: Compare a bound transition with ionization, calibrate an affine indication from two independent references and freeze a third-reference prediction, then audit a supplied collected-carrier branch without claiming full device efficiency.
Boundary: Hydrogen approximation and fictional response parameters; no actual element identification, real semiconductor performance, laser operation or practical technique certification.
Evidence to retain: Balance charge/nucleons before testing complete mass-energy permission; fit one exponential plus baseline from only three records and reserve a fourth; distinguish spatial transmission from time decay and propagate independent counting variances.
Boundary: Abstract reaction bookkeeping and synthetic expectation rates, not procedures to obtain, handle or expose radioactive material. No inferred dose, personal medical conclusion or real source certification.
Evidence to retain: Retain normal-based angles, exact critical/focal branches and signed local/global image coordinates. Sketch principal rays independently of image-location plots and classify a virtual intermediate object before applying the next lens equation.
Boundary: Virtual paraxial/geometric models, no actual lens, mirror, sunlight or eye exposure. Location plots are explicitly not complete ray traces.
Evidence to retain: Separate principal orders from finite-width envelope zeros, exact screen geometry from small-angle approximations, a circular Rayleigh convention from actual detection, and propagation phase from reflection phase. Retain each successive polarizer projection.
Boundary: Far-field scalar or supplied two-beam/ideal-filter models; no calibrated reflectance, color perception, biological or optical-safety inference.
Evidence to retain: Fit only two same-wavelength angle records, freeze a third prediction and explain what independent wavelength data are needed to test dispersion. Compare a small-angle derivation with the assumptions of exact Snell geometry.
Boundary: Synthetic angle readings and first-order prism law; a perfect fit is not proof of exact material behavior or a full dispersion curve.
Evidence to retain: Retain a snapshot and two fixed-observer histories, distinguish pattern and particle speeds, close reflected/transmitted power and explain pressure versus displacement boundaries with a changed spectrum.
Boundary: Silent ideal strings and air columns; supplied impedance laws are algebraic model extensions, not physical tension or sound-generation instructions.
Evidence to retain: Fit background before interpreting an intensity ratio, freeze a third-radius prediction, compare coherent pressure-square and incoherent intensity addition, and retain separate medium-frame source/observer velocities.
Boundary: No playback, hearing tests or exposure claims. Local pressure statistics are not automatically net vector energy flux.
Evidence to retain: Fit speed and latency from two known reflectors, preserve a third-range prediction before revealing it, and compare phase-delay ambiguity with an identified pulse event and explicit timing bounds.
Boundary: Synthetic single-echo timing with exact reference distances; real reflections, varying latency and practical calibration remain unverified.
Evidence to retain: Retain common axes and signed components, compare neutral and charged branches, distinguish segment force from loop torque and test aligned/anti-aligned stability.
Boundary: Fictional passive particles and ideal maintained currents; no real magnets, coils, high-field exposure or motor construction.
Evidence to retain: Remove a common field offset, predict an unused radius, compare source-specific field laws and retain signed normal/circulation conventions with an exact zero-flux case.
Boundary: Long-wire or explicitly supplied symmetric-source approximations; instrument orientation and return paths are stipulated, not measured.
Evidence to retain: Close external mechanical/electrical/heat power, distinguish peak/rms/mean and source/load currents, then preserve RL current continuity and accumulated magnetic/thermal energy.
Boundary: Ideal virtual generator/transformer/inductor only. No mains access, inductor switching, equipment safety rating or practical electrical certification.
Evidence to retain: Redraw the same node list, retain KCL/KVL and power residuals, compare actual meter branches with ideal limits and distinguish maximum load power from efficiency.
Boundary: Fixed ideal source and stipulated linear elements; virtual diagrams only, no actual circuits or safe operating recommendation.
Evidence to retain: Retain chord and finite-step responses including the undefined zero-current ratio, compare disjoint active/standby accounts and evaluate a changed material/geometry premise.
Boundary: Invented passive cubic law and explicit toy tariff; neither identifies a real device temperature nor a current utility price.
Evidence to retain: Declare midpoint charge, fixed-charge versus fixed-voltage constraint and initial capacitor state. Close source/mechanical/heat ledgers, recover an offset-invariant decay factor and test a withheld observable.
Boundary: Ideal lossless quasistatic dielectric or explicitly resistive transient models, not one interchangeable experiment. No capacitor handling or energized apparatus.
Evidence to retain: Retain separate subsystem/full charge ledgers, polarization contrast, inner/outer shell totals and cavity/material/exterior field predictions. Change one boundary assumption and identify which formula stops applying.
Boundary: Synthetic electron transfers and concentric static shell only. No physical charging, grounding, shielding test or electrical safety certification.
Evidence to retain: Draw common-axis vectors, retain source/probe distinctions and a scalar pair ledger. Compare a field null with a potential zero in a separately specified geometry, including a new numerical case.
Boundary: Passive probes and fixed point sources; self-energy and singular source locations excluded.
Evidence to retain: Freeze predictions for withheld force, voltage or field observations. Fit offsets separately from source strength or geometry, propagate declared independent bounds and retain one competing explanation.
Boundary: Exact reference coordinates and specified affine sensor response are hypotheses, not real apparatus observations.
Evidence to retain: Classify first contact/exit before computing energy; distinguish plate and stray capacitance from charge offset. Retain work/kinetic and half-CV-squared checks with one changed-case prediction.
Boundary: Fictional bead and ideal capacitor models only; no wiring, stored-energy handling or biological application.
Open the retained response and project workspaces. Practice, saved work and independently reviewed proficiency remain separate.
These 44 course-specific public tasks are practice, not a secure examination. Each retains up to three immutable written responses, known feedback exposure before each response, and human rubric critiques. Drafts remain editable. No text-length check or self-reported review certifies correctness, independence, laboratory skill or mastery.
Supplied potential indications at(0,0),(2,0),(0,4) m are8,4,12 V, each with independent hard bound±.1 V. Within an affine field model infer E and force on−3 nC, and work for displacement(1,2) m. Bound each field component. Separately a charge-voltage slope is90 pF, known physical stray20 pF and additive readout5 pC. At4 V find plate energy, total physical charge and indicated charge. What does the affine fit not establish?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
A12 V source with series3 kohm feeds a6 kohm load and a6 kohm parallel voltmeter. Find indicated voltage and the two branch currents; what load would a meter-ignoring fit report? Separately an ideal6 V source charges a1 mF capacitor through1 kohm, starting at−2 V. At t=ln2 s find capacitor voltage,current,source work,stored-energy change and resistor conversion. Use supplied general V=E+(Vi−E)exp(−t/RC), I=(E−V)/R, source work EC(V−Vi) and stored-energy change C(V²−Vi²)/2.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
A virtual rod of length.25 m moves at3 m/s perpendicular to uniform B.4 T with total loop resistance.5 ohm. Find emf magnitude,current,magnetic drag and mechanical power; reconcile resistor conversion. Separately a fixed-area loop.03 m² in B.2 T changes its positive normal angle from60° to0° over.5 s. Find average emf in the stated circulation orientation. Is this the same mechanism or sign convention as merely changing field magnitude?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
An ideal tube of length.85 m has sound speed340 m/s. Compare the first three allowed resonances for one-closed/one-open ends with two-open ends. A separate echo target at.68 m gives displayed time5.4 ms, while an independently known clock gain1.1 and latency1 ms apply. Recover its physical travel time and check distance. Does a three-frequency pattern alone certify a real tube boundary or sound speed?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Lens1 atx0 has f12 cm and objectx−30 cm. Lens2 with f10 cm is atx25 cm. Find first image,second signed object/image distances,global final image and overall magnification. Separately equal slits have spacing30 µm,width10 µm and wavelength600 nm: identify the first missing principal order and order2 sine. Unpolarized8 W/m² passes axes0°,60°,90°: find all three intensities. For a separate focal-length measurement with exact object distance30 cm and image-distance hard bound19–21 cm, bound f=oi/(o+i).
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Use hydrogen En=−13.6/n² eV to find a3-to2 photon energy. Under the taught one-photon surface model with work function2 eV, can increasing the power of that same line overcome the threshold? Separately a complete nuclear reaction mass difference.005 u is supplied with931.5 MeV/u: find totalQ and explain why it is not automatically one emitted particle energy. For independent one-minute gross/background Poisson means250 and25, find expected net count and variance.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Use a changed thin lens f8 cm, object distance24 cm, with independently stipulated detector illumination2 nW of3 eV photons and above-threshold yield.25. The ideal current output drives parallel R3 Gohm,C(1/3) nF from zero for ln2 s. Find image distance,magnification,current,tau and readout voltage. With current-source work I²R[t−tau(1−exp(−t/tau))], find source work and capacitor energy in nJ, and infer resistor conversion. State which optical-to-circuit premise is not derived from lens magnification.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Independently known echo physical times2 and4 ms indicate3.4 and5.8 ms. Fit common timestamp gain and echo-only latency, then predict an unused6 ms echo. A separately zeroed source has independently calibrated vertical rates810,410,210 counts/s at displayed elapsed times0,6,12 s. Fit displayed half-life/background and predict the unused18 s rate; recover physical half-life using the echo gain. If the echo physical times assumed sound speed340 m/s but the independently justified range is330–350, bound physical half-life and explain the remaining confounding.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Photons have energy 2.5 eV and incident power 3 nW. For the taught surface work function2 eV and above-threshold collected yield0.2, find Kmax and current magnitude. Separately use a supplied direct-gap detector with Eg1.25 eV and collected-pair yield0.6 at the same illumination: find current, selected pair-creation energy rate and selected excess thermalization rate. State what happens at zero power and why the second ledger is not full device conversion efficiency.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
A photon of80 keV scatters60° from an initially stationary free electron of rest energy 511 keV. Use Eprime=E/[1+(E/511)(1−cosθ)] to find outgoing photon energy and recoil components in keV/c. Verify recoil kinetic energy with sqrt(511²+p²)−511. Would assigning the recoil the classical p²/(2×511) exactly close this event? Explain the forward-scattering boundary.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Use the supplied electron wavelength1.226/sqrt(V) nm at 144 V with ideal grating spacing 0.3 nm. Find wavelength and candidate first-order sine, then classify the order. Separately a minimum-uncertainty Gaussian has σx0.4 nm; use hbar1.054571817e−34 J s to find σp. If its center shifts1 nm without changing width, what changes? Does a narrower statistical estimate of the mean violate the preparation relation?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
For hydrogen En=−13.6/n² eV, find the5-to 2 photon energy/wavelength using hc1240 eV nm and compare with ionization from n2. A separate instrument has independently known1 and3 eV reference indications1.15 and3.35 eV. Fit gain/offset; predict an unused5 eV indication and the indication expected for the calculated hydrogen photon. Can that single indicated line establish a real elemental source?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
An abstract parent A44,Z22 emits an alpha particle. Find daughter A,Z and neutron count. A supplied complete initial-minus-final rest-mass difference is.004 u: find Q using931.5 MeV per u. Separately an abstract A8 nucleus has constituent-minus-bound mass defect.06 u: find binding energy and binding per nucleon. State the beta-minus daughter change and why no actual decay rate follows from these quantities alone.
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Synthetic expectation rates at 0,4,8 min are830,430,230 counts/min. Fit one exponential source plus constant baseline and predict the unused12 min rate. Separately a fixed narrow beam has initial source 1200 counts/min, half-value thickness 3 cm and background30 counts/min. At thickness 6 cm, find gross and net source rates; for independent one-minute gross/background Poisson counts find the expected net-count variance. Can either packet alone determine absorbed dose?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Use the taught reflection convention with beta30° and alpha−10°: give incidence and outgoing inclination from upward vertical. Then increase alpha to0° with the incoming ray fixed. Separately light goes from index1.6 to1.2: find critical sine and angle, and classify a transmitted-sine candidate of1 versus1.1. Does the ray direction alone determine transmitted power?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
A concave mirror has f8 cm and real object distance12 cm. A separate converging thin lens has f15 cm and real object distance10 cm. Find each signed image distance/magnification and describe its global side relative to the element. What happens for an object exactly at each positive focal distance?
Include calculations with units, source or dataset provenance, assumptions, competing explanations and limitations as relevant. The draft is saved but is not a locked response until submitted.
0/3 responses retained. No recorded feedback exposure for this task version. Earlier versions may already be familiar. Public inspectability still prevents certification of unfamiliarity.
Lens1 at x0 has f10 cm and real object x−30 cm. Lens2 has f10 cm. Compare lens2 positions10 and30 cm. Find its signed object distance, local final image distance, global image coordinate and overall magnification in each case. Which first-lens image is only a would-be focus because lens2 intercepts the converging rays?
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Equal coherent slits have spacing24 µm,width6 µm,wavelength600 nm and screen distance2 m. Find order2 sine and exact screen displacement; identify the first missing principal order. Separately a circular aperture of diameter3 mm receives wavelength500 nm from two equal incoherent sources separated by.2 mrad. Compute the Rayleigh angle and compare under that stated criterion.
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An air/film/air stack has film index1.5 and vacuum wavelength600 nm at normal incidence. Under the supplied equal-beam model, find the first constructive thickness and next destructive thickness after zero; explain what changes if both reflected contributions receive the same reflection reversal. Separately unpolarized input12 W/m² passes ideal axes0°,30°,90°: find intensity after each and final intensity without the middle filter.
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A thin-prism red model has readings1.1° and2.3° at apex angles2° and4°. Fit nred and angular offset, then predict an unused6° reading. An independently measured blue index is1.65: predict its2° indication with the same offset. Can red data alone justify that blue index? Explain why refraction changes wavelength but not frequency at a stationary interface.
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A transverse wave is y=.02 sin[2pi(t/.4−x/1.2)] m with SI coordinates. Find frequency, propagation direction/speed, maximum local transverse particle speed and lag across .3 m. Would one sinusoidal phase difference uniquely establish travel time without other information?
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Two ideal strings have equal tension and mu2/mu1=1/9. Using the supplied impedance boundary relations, find r,t and reflected/transmitted energy fractions. Separately a .8 m ideal closed/open air column has c=320 m/s: give its first three resonances and identify displacement/pressure behavior at its closed end.
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An isotropic source plus uniform incoherent background gives indications10 and4 µW/m² at radii1 and2 m. Recover source-only one-metre intensity, background and isotropic power. Predict a fresh3 m reading and the level difference between the calibration radii. Does exact two-point agreement establish spherical geometry?
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Two coherent local pressure signals have amplitudes1 and.75 Pa and a half-wavelength path difference. Give resultant peak amplitude and mean-square ratio to the first signal. If their frequencies instead become200 and206 Hz with initial equal phase, give envelope maximum/minimum and maximum recurrence time. Does the local pressure statistic determine arbitrary multidirectional net energy flux?
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Still air has c=300 m/s and source frequency400 Hz. Compare source/observer velocities (+30,0) and (0,−30) m/s, with source left of observer and propagation+x. Find forward wavelength and observed frequency for each. What if both move at+30 m/s? Can the sound formula be reused unchanged for light?
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Known reflectors at1 and2 m produce times8 and14 ms. Infer propagation speed and latency, predict a fresh1.5 m reflector time, and infer an unknown range from20 ms. If each calibration time independently lies within±.1 ms and distances are exact, bound the speed using the difference before discussing any confidence level.
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At entry E=.8 N/C along +y, B=.2 T along +z and v=3 m/s along +x, find net force on q=−2 µC and the nonzero-charge balance speed. Separately use the taught pure-B orbit with B=4 mT,q=−1 µC,m=2e−9 kg and speed1 m/s: find radius,period and initial curvature direction. Does a neutral undeflected record establish the balance speed?
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A .4 m segment carries3 A along +y in uniform .2 T along +x. Give force components. A separately maintained10-turn loop of area .02 m² carries2 A in .1 T. Find its magnetic moment, torque magnitude at60 degrees from its normal and effective mechanical-potential change from aligned to60 degrees. Explain zero net loop force versus nonzero torque.
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Near/far field indications at .05/.10 m from a long-wire model are14 and8 µT. Infer physical near field,offset,current and indication at .15 m. Separately a20-turn .03 m² coil in .4 T rotates from normal aligned to normal perpendicular over .2 s. Find average emf with the original normal orientation convention; does an open circuit imply zero emf?
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Use a virtual rodB=.5 T,L=.4 m,v=1.5 m/s and totalR=3 Ω with speed maintained externally. Find emf,current,drag and each mechanical/electrical/heat power. If resistance doubles at unchanged speed, how do current and power change? What is missing from a claim about freely decelerating motion?
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An ideal sinusoidal generator supplies primary peak20 V to an ideal transformer with Ns/Np=.5 and secondary resistor25 Ω. Find primary/secondary rms voltages,secondary/primary rms currents and mean power. What does zero cycle-mean voltage imply, and why cannot the steady sinusoidal result be applied to steady DC?
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An ideal RL circuit has source8 V,R20 Ω,L.6 H and zero initial current. Find tau,final current,current aftertau,final stored magnetic energy and half-rise time. If the measured half-rise time is unchanged but actual effectiveR doubles, what L would be inferred from that same time? Explain why a transient alone does not independently identify both R and L.
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A 10 V ideal source feeds 5 Ω in series with parallel 10 Ω and 20 Ω resistors. Find node voltage, all currents and source/element powers. Separately a 12 V divider uses upper2 kΩ and lower3 kΩ, loaded by a3 kΩ voltmeter and zero ammeter burden: find its voltage indication. Explain why an upstream current reading includes meter current.
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A fixed emf12 V source has internal resistance2 Ω and load6 Ω. Find current, terminal voltage, load/internal powers and efficiency. Derive the maximum-load-power resistance using (R+r)²≥4Rr, and compare its efficiency. Why is this not a safe load recommendation?
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For V=10I+10I³, find V,I V and chord resistance atI1 A; compute the exact .1 A finite-step voltage response. Separately use the taught24/40/2 W schedule with active durations2 h and1 h: find Wh and joules. A uniform wire doubles length and halves diameter at unchanged resistivity; find its resistance factor.
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Capacitors3 and6 µF are in series across9 V with neutral isolated midpoint. Find charge, voltages and total energy; compare a separately prepared parallel topology. Separately a capacitor begins with energy40 µJ and capacitance C0 atV0. Capacitance doubles quasistatically: give final energy, source work and external mechanical work for isolated and maintained-voltage cases.
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A100 µF capacitor starts at3 V and connects through2 kΩ to a maintained7 V source. Find initial current,time constant,Vc afterone time constant and final source work/capacitor energy gain/resistor heat. State which initial-state continuity premise matters.
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At exact times0,1,2 s, indications are9,5,3 V under R(t)=A exp(−t/tau)+o. Recover tau,A,o and predictR(3). IfA is instrumentgain times trueinitialvoltage, are those factors separately identified? Name a non-capacitance explanation for a changed tau.
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Initially neutral A loses seven electrons to B; an external reservoir supplies two more electrons to B. Give all three charges in units e and the A+B total. Separately a central −4 nC charge sits in an isolated spherical shell with net +1 nC: find inner and outer surface charges, field in the metal and the sign of exterior radial field. Explain why a zero metal field does not imply zero cavity field.
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At r and 2r the indicated repulsive forces are 10 and 4 µN. Fit a common additive offset and inverse-square near force. Predict indication at 3r. Would an exact fit of the first two readings independently establish the exponent? State a different cause for a third-reading discrepancy.
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Two positive charges +1 and +9 nC are separated by 4 m. Find the field-null coordinate from the first source and state the sign of potential there relative to infinity. Separately +2, +1 and −1 nC occupy (0,0),(2,0),(0,2) m. Give total pair energy as dimensionless U/[k(1 nC)²/(1 m)]. Does zero total charge alone imply zero energy?
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A uniform-region voltage survey gives 2 V at (0,0), 8 V at (3,0) and −2 V at (0,2) m. Find Ex,Ey and force on a −2 nC passive probe. Give one nonzero equipotential displacement and worst-case Ex error when each voltage has independent ±.15 V error. Can the three readings establish uniformity everywhere?
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Use the taught bead with E=100 N/C and vx=3 m/s. Decide whether contact or exit occurs first; find endpoint y and electric work. Separately a charge-voltage slope is 150 pF with 40 pF known stray capacitance and 8 pC readout offset. At 5 V find plate energy, total physical charge and indicated charge.
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At x=1,2,3 m, voltage indications are 14,10,8 V. Within R(x)=K/(x−s)+o, recover s,K,o, with K measured in V m. Predict Ex at x=2. Explain why the fit is not proof that the source is a unique point charge and why a ratio near one is troublesome.
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Reviewer identity and role are declarations, not authenticated credentials. Unsaved review fields below are lost on navigation. Review every criterion with an exact quotation, calculation or evidence citation and a next step.
Preserve all six earlier category reports. Defend the changed optical-current-readout and echo-clock-decay packets in the final mixed tasks, using the exact supplied parameters rather than the workbench defaults. Include one earlier field/potential inference, one loaded-circuit or induction energy account, and one optical/wave model-selection comparison. The authored finite course has58 destinations; actual laboratory technique, independent learner competence and institutional credit remain separate evidence gates.
Before feedback, diagram the sensing stages and label supplied constants, fitted parameters and unused observations. Use changed f8/object24 cm/readout3 Gohm and1/3 nF; echo indications3.4/5.8 ms; and decay rates810/410/210 at display0/6/12 s. Predict each held-out record.
Evidence to retain: Immutable first report with assumptions, source/recipient boundaries, signed coordinates, units and frozen data-role allocation.
Solve both final chains and all eight cumulative mixed packets. Reconcile one independent conservation account per chain, compare at least two candidate explanations and retain a rejected shortcut. Connect the final readout to earlier circuit loading and the timing chain to wave/decay identifiability.
Evidence to retain: Actual free responses, first/latest exposure-aware attempts, calculations, competing hypotheses and source/measurement limits rather than public-key agreement alone.
Request criterion-linked critique of geometry, event/rate distinctions, source work, uncertainty and independence. Preserve the original, write a revision that addresses each finding, and record unresolved limitations without fabricating practical observations.
Evidence to retain: Saved first report, actual critique, revised report and an explicit account of what changed and why.
A reviewer freezes a new packet spanning at least three of the six source modules, changing one instrument premise and one physical boundary. Declare allowed resources and prior exposure before the learner responds. Require experimental diagnosis, mixed calculations and a model-selection conclusion.
Evidence to retain: Exact new assignment, independent response and human rubric review, plus separate supervised practical evidence where an institution requires it. No automatic certification from text length, visits or self-reports.
Retain raw-data identifiers, provenance, units, prior predictions, methods, calculations, competing explanations and safety boundaries. State explicitly when data are simulated, supplied or genuinely observed. This saved text cannot verify a real experiment; do not invent measurements or completed supervised work. Maximum 12,000 characters; retain larger evidence files separately and cite them.
A nonempty report is only a saved submission. First and revised reports remain separate and cannot be overwritten. A critique of the first report is required before retaining one revision.
The exit reviewer supplies and freezes an actually unfamiliar sensing/imaging packet, including a new source or calibration alternative and independent unused evidence. Repeating the public final packets is practice, not proof of unfamiliar transfer. Preserve task snapshots, first/latest answers, critique/revision and fresh assignment history under imports and future metadata versions.
A human must supply the actual new task, evidence and conditions before the learner responds. The transfer-direction text is not itself an unseen assessment. Use the retained assignment form after the first project; exposed public task identifier: expanded-public:college-physics2.
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