SCIENCE · INVESTIGATE AND EXPLAIN

Defend a claim and revise its limits

Build an evidence-based conclusion that can change.

Learning outcome: Distinguish a result, its interpretation and a test that could reverse the interpretation.

Starting recap

A supported claim states its scope and alternatives rather than treating one result as universal.

All lessons are open directly. Your saved experiments remain when you leave and return.

Try

An input separates two model predictions under a small measurement bound.

Open the experiment

Predict

What would make your previous conclusion inconclusive?

Your prediction and reason

Experiment

Capture a separating case and an overlapping case by changing the error bound.

Choose a discriminating input

Worked teaching model · synthetic values · Model A predicts 4 cm; model B predicts 2 cm/s × input time. Each prediction has a bounded measurement interval, not a probabilistic confidence interval.

Input setting: 2 s Absolute measurement error bound: 0.5 cm

Reset keeps your prediction, captures and practice history.

Calculated values on the same fixed scale
Row	Quantity	Value (cm)
1	Model A prediction	4
2	Model B prediction	4
3	Prediction separation	0
4	Combined interval half-widths	1

The bounded prediction intervals overlap.

A test separates these bounded predictions only when |4 − 2t| > 2 × error bound. A larger gap helps only within the stated model domains. Neither model is established as true by choosing this input.

Observation to attach to a capture

Captures preserve recipes and replay their calculated results. They are synthetic model evidence, not physical measurements.

Understand

Separate what happened from what it means

A strong conclusion connects a claim to evidence through an explicit model. It also says where that reasoning might fail.

For example: at 3 seconds, the two candidate predictions are 4 and 6 cm. With a 0.25 cm error bound their permitted readings are disjoint. This supports choosing that setting for a discriminating measurement. It does not establish which model is correct because no real measurement has yet been supplied.

If the bound increases to 2 cm, the permitted ranges overlap. The experimental-design conclusion must change even though the candidate models are unchanged.

Revision is part of the reasoning

Keep the earlier prediction and explain why it changed. A revised conclusion should identify whether the new information concerns the observation, calibration, assumptions or interpretation.

A useful counterproposal gives a concrete result that would weaken your favored explanation. “More research is needed” alone does not specify what evidence matters.

For the cumulative project, use at least two different investigation mechanisms and compare two settings within one mechanism. Write a reproducible procedure, an evidence-based claim and an alternative explanation. The site’s presence checks can establish that fields and captures exist. They cannot certify that your prose is scientifically persuasive; that needs review of the actual argument.

Apply

Public practice checks a specific claim. It does not establish independent mastery.

Write a claim, cite both captures, name an alternative, and specify a new observation that could change your view.

Your explanation and limitations

Continue

Completion requires a saved prediction, at least one capture and a reflection. Presence checks do not grade your reasoning.

Skipping retains experiments and awards no mastery.

Previous: Write a procedure someone can repeat Next: Cumulative inquiry project

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