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Systems thinking and operations · Course

Operate a system, not an isolated metric

Explore queues and bottlenecks before recommending extra capacity.

Start with everyday situations, predict an outcome, and test your ideas. You need basic arithmetic, percentages and graph reading; explanations introduce additional ideas where needed. No coding or account is required. Every investigation has school, college and workplace extensions—you can choose any of them.

What you will learn

Diagnose bottlenecks, plan time-specific capacity and replenishment, and compare reliability and allocation policies without hiding distributional trade-offs.

Before you begin

  • Read time-step tables and calculate averages and percentages.
  • Distinguish a stock from a flow and nominal capacity from completed work.
  • Probability multiplication is introduced in the reliability experiment; no programming required.

Open any topic directly. Review functions and graphs whenever useful.

Choose your scope

The original two-investigation starter remains available. Choosing the full course adds its published lessons to your selected scope; your earlier work stays saved. Skipping does not count as completion or understanding.

Free exploration: no completion scope selected yet. Project reports and independent evidence are tracked separately.

Course outline

Choose a unit, then open a lesson on its own page. This outline lists the sequence; it does not combine the full lessons into one page.

Where work waits3 lessons

Explain queues and bottlenecks, then place staffing capacity against a demand profile.

Enough average capacity, yet a queue

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Why can a queue form even when average demand equals capacity?

Original synthetic service desk: eight one-minute intervals, arrivals enter before service, and unfinished people remain in a first-in queue.

Open lesson

When faster work creates a bigger pile

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Which stage should receive extra capacity?

Original synthetic two-stage workshop: new items enter stage A each hour; stage B may process them in the same hour; unfinished items accumulate between stages.

Open lesson

Put capacity where the demand arrives

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Do equal staffing budgets produce equal service?

Original synthetic scenario. Six service periods have demand [3,3,12,12,6,3]. Three staffing schedules use equal total staff-periods but distribute them differently.

Open lesson
What is already in the pipeline2 lessons

Account for incoming orders and delayed feedback before increasing local corrections.

Count stock that has not arrived yet

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Why can empty shelves trigger too many replacement orders?

Original synthetic scenario. A ten-day store starts with 12 items. Orders arrive after a fixed delay, unmet demand is lost, and day five has twice the normal demand.

Open lesson

How a short surge becomes repeated swings

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Can correcting a stock gap too aggressively amplify orders?

Original synthetic scenario. A supplier fills orders after a delay. A store targets 20 items, normally sells six per day, and faces one demand shock on day four.

Open lesson
Keep service useful under shortage2 lessons

Distinguish independent and shared failures, and justify an allocation rule with service floors.

Extra copies cannot fix every failure

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

When does redundancy improve an entire service?

Original synthetic scenario. A service needs every serial stage to work. Each stage can have one component or two independent parallel components; a shared outage disables all.

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One shipment, competing service goals

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Does maximizing a weighted score produce fair service?

Original synthetic scenario. Three branches each need eight items. A shipment suffers a selected damage fraction; allocation rules prioritize arrival order, equal turns, or assumed benefit.

Open lesson

Repair an operating system under constraints

Model a service desk, workshop or small supply chain. Choose a bottleneck or shortage, compare two interventions, and stress-test the recommendation against timing, delayed delivery or shared failure. Use evidence from at least two experiment mechanisms; improved local utilization alone is not sufficient.

Save a report, compare captured evidence, and attempt three new cases. A completed report records submitted work; the rubric supports a separate human review of its quality.

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