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Data literacy and statistics · Course

Data: from records to defensible conclusions

Investigate whose data you see and what a summary hides.

Start with everyday situations, predict an outcome, and test your ideas. You need basic arithmetic, percentages and graph reading; explanations introduce additional ideas where needed. No coding or account is required. Every investigation has school, college and workplace extensions—you can choose any of them.

What you will learn

Audit records, choose honest summaries, design a fair comparison and explain what sample uncertainty does and does not support.

Before you begin

  • A percentage is a part divided by a named whole, multiplied by 100.
  • A mean adds values and divides by their count; missing measurements are not automatically zeros.
  • No programming is required for guided investigations; the college extension requires a separately implemented analysis.
  • Before “Who and what did you measure?”: a row is a record, while an event is what happened; several rows can refer to one event.
  • Before “Communicate the distribution honestly”: sort values before locating the median; an axis label gives both the quantity and its unit.
  • Before “Design and qualify a comparison”: a weighted mean multiplies each group rate by its share; independent observations provide separate information.

Open any topic directly. Review functions and graphs whenever useful.

Choose your scope

The original two-investigation starter remains available. Choosing the full course adds its published lessons to your selected scope; your earlier work stays saved. Skipping does not count as completion or understanding.

Free exploration: no completion scope selected yet. Project reports and independent evidence are tracked separately.

Course outline

Choose a unit, then open a lesson on its own page. This outline lists the sequence; it does not combine the full lessons into one page.

Who and what did you measure?2 lessons

Identify selection bias, duplicate events and missing observations.

Who answered the survey?

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Can a large survey still give the wrong answer?

An original synthetic campus has 100 commuters and 100 residents. Support for a later opening time is 80% among commuters and 20% among residents. Change invitations and response rates.

Open lesson

Repair a messy event log

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Which rows are observations and which are recording errors?

Six original synthetic service records contain one repeated event ID, one missing duration and one impossible negative duration. The trace shows every row.

Open lesson
Communicate the distribution honestly2 lessons

Choose summaries and chart geometry that preserve the meaning of evidence.

Which average tells the story?

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

What changes when the slowest service disappears from the log?

Five original synthetic service waits start at 10, 12, 14, 16 and a controllable final value, in minutes. Inspect the mean, median and missingness.

Open lesson

Audit a dramatic chart

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Did the data change, or just the visible baseline?

Two synthetic dashboard scores are shown as bar heights relative to a controllable lower axis bound. The numerical measurements remain visible.

Open lesson
Design and qualify a comparison2 lessons

Separate treatment effects, composition differences and sampling uncertainty.

Design a fair comparison

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

Can easier tasks make a weak treatment look better?

An original synthetic task study has easy-task success 80% and hard-task success 40%. Treatment changes both rates by the same chosen number of percentage points.

Open lesson

How precise is a sample percentage?

○ Not marked complete · Included · Practice check available

Lesson preview

How much more data is needed to halve random uncertainty?

Inspect a normal-approximation interval for an invented independent binary sample. The percentage is an estimated sample proportion; this is not a medical or policy recommendation.

Open lesson

Audit a service dashboard and propose a fair trial

A fictional service claims it became faster because its dashboard mean fell. Build an evidence brief using a cleaned record audit, a distribution summary and a comparison design. Preserve the raw data and distinguish a changed record from a changed service.

Save a report, compare captured evidence, and attempt three new cases. A completed report records submitted work; the rubric supports a separate human review of its quality.

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