Prepare a dated economic briefing reconciling definitions, changes, revisions, uncertainty and competing policy interpretations.
An introductory investigation sequence with independent portfolio expectations, not a complete credit-bearing college survey. Broader readings, additional models and instructor-reviewed assessment remain necessary.
Preparation and direct entry
Read tables, compare proportions and explain a claim in ordinary language.
Units remain directly accessible; use worked examples before independent transfer when needed.
Open any lesson. Recaps explain assumed concepts without locking access.
0/27 lessons completed · 0 marked skipped. Skips do not reduce this course's completion denominator or award understanding. Shared lesson work is reused across paths; project evidence belongs to this course.
Lesson sequence
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Cumulative projectSaved workspace · human review remains separate
CUMULATIVE PROJECT
Principles of macroeconomics evidence portfolio
Prepare a dated economic briefing reconciling definitions, changes, revisions, uncertainty and competing policy interpretations.
Evidence and review criteria
Question is narrow enough for the cited evidence.
Units, denominators, arithmetic and source context are correct.
Comparison holds relevant assumptions fixed and acknowledges missing factors.
Distribution and uncertainty remain visible alongside averages.
An independently reasoned revision is supported; submission alone is not verified mastery.
Use your lesson captures and citations. This saved workspace supports a reviewer; it does not automatically grade your writing or certify proficiency.
Review examples and quality criteria
These are authored teaching examples for practicing review, not calibrated scoring standards. Apply your course’s specific rubric above. Different conclusions can be defensible when evidence supports them; factual and numerical errors still require correction.
Claim needing revision
The model raises total surplus, so the policy will benefit everyone.
More defensible reasoning
Under the stated schedules, the modeled total rises. The next step is to calculate buyer, seller and public effects separately, identify external costs and state which behavioral assumptions drive the result. A larger total permits some losses and is not a measured real-world policy effect.
Why the revision helps
Efficiency, distribution and empirical prediction answer different questions. A completed answer must supply the actual model values and a sensitivity case.
Assess the artifact, with assistance recorded separately
Criterion
Developing evidence
Supported evidence
Well-substantiated evidence
Question and context
A broad topic or undefined population.
A focused question, time/place and relevant definitions.
A justified scope with context that changes the interpretation.
Sources and claims
Names a source but does not connect its contents to a claim.
Cites specific records and explains provenance and relevance.
Weighs limitations, corroboration and meaningful disagreement.
Mechanism and analysis
Gives a conclusion with missing steps or unclear units.
Shows a valid causal chain, calculation or interpretation.
Tests a credible alternative and explains sensitivity or uncertainty.
Transfer and revision
Repeats the worked answer despite changed facts.
Adapts the reasoning to the unfamiliar case.
Explains why the change matters and what evidence would reverse the conclusion.
Use “missing” when no relevant evidence is supplied. Do not average these descriptions into an automatic pass score. Record whether the learner followed an example, used guidance or worked independently, and review quality separately.
Locate one specific claim and its supporting source or calculation.
Check the context, units and intermediate reasoning.
Identify one plausible alternative and the evidence that distinguishes it.
Ask for a revision or an unfamiliar application; explain the reason for the request.
The saved project remains a draft or a local submission. This page does not record instructor certification or infer understanding from response length.
Separate application casesVersioned evidence · earlier work remains intact
Apply your reasoning to a separate case
These versioned cases add distinct evidence to the portfolio. Earlier drafts and local submissions remain intact. Write your explanation before revealing review notes when you want to retain a pre-feedback attempt.
Use this packet for a fresh written application. All records below are original fictional teaching materials. They test reasoning under stated conditions and do not establish actual historical or population facts. Your original course-project draft remains separate.
Fictional economy: nominal output rises from 200 to 242 units while a compatible output price index rises from 100 to 110. Use this one-index simplification; it is not an official chain-weighted calculation.
Initially 90 employed and 10 unemployed people form a labor force of 100 in a relevant adult population 125. Later 5 job seekers stop searching; employment and population remain unchanged.
A report says output grew 21% in real terms and five people found work because unemployment fell. It gives no distributional or wellbeing measures.
This case is shared across paths that use it. Revisiting it in another course retains drafts and known review-note exposure; it is not a new unseen assessment.
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NEW APPLICATION · VERSION 1
Audit a bank operation and two interest-market claims
Use this packet for a fresh written application. All records below are original fictional teaching materials. They test reasoning under stated conditions and do not establish actual historical or population facts. Your original course-project draft remains separate.
Fictional opening accounts, credits: central bank securities 150, reserve liabilities 90, public currency 60, equity 0. Commercial banking sector reserves 90, securities 30, loans 180, customer deposits 270, equity 30. A nonbank holds securities 60 and the listed deposits. The central bank buys 12 of securities from that nonbank and settles through its bank deposit. No new commercial loan, repayment, valuation change or currency withdrawal occurs. Nonbank holdings are a partial portfolio, not a complete balance sheet.
Separate fictional classroom scenario, not a calibrated consequence of operation: nominal annual interest i is in percentage-point numbers. Desired money balances Md=150-15i; initial fixed supply 90; later fixed supply 105. Hold demand fixed. Quantities are stocks in teaching units.
Another independent fictional scenario: real annual interest r is in percentage-point numbers; private saving S=12+3r and private investment demand I=48-3r, in credits per year. Initial public borrowing is zero; later add government borrowing 12 to total financing demand. Hold these private schedules fixed.
Separate transmission counterexample: a nominal borrowing rate falls from 6% to 4%, while expected inflation falls from 2% to 0%. Use the additive expected-real-rate approximation. Investment schedule I=50-3r, in annual teaching expenditure units. A briefing claims every nominal-rate cut necessarily increases investment.
A fictional briefing says: The central-bank purchase immediately creates 120 of new bank loans because the multiplier is ten; both interest-market graphs use real rates and money stocks; public borrowing 12 displaces exactly 12 of private investment; and the nominal-rate cut proves investment rose. No reserve requirement, lending-response estimate, observed market-rate series or output-response evidence is supplied.
This case is shared across paths that use it. Revisiting it in another course retains drafts and known review-note exposure; it is not a new unseen assessment.
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NEW APPLICATION · VERSION 1
Reconcile external accounts and challenge a currency-policy briefing
Use this packet for a fresh written application. All records below are original fictional teaching materials. They test reasoning under stated conditions and do not establish actual historical or population facts. Your original course-project draft remains separate.
Fictional annual flows in common domestic accounting credits: goods exports90, goods imports120, net services receipts20, net primary income-2, net current transfers-3. Net capital transfers received2. Residents acquire foreign financial assets12 and incur liabilities to nonresidents25. No derivatives, valuation changes or statistical discrepancy. Use financial inflow-positive balance=liabilities incurred minus assets acquired; also translate to net-lending-positive presentation. These aggregate records describe a different scenario from the market below.
Separate fictional market: e is foreign units per domestic unit; Q is domestic currency units per period. Original demand Qd=110-10e; supply Qs=30+10e. An independently stipulated increase in foreign demand for domestic assets raises demand to130-10e. Supply stays fixed. Calculate clearing before/after and the imbalance at the old quote after the shift. No allocation rule, adjustment timing or reserve stock is supplied.
For the currency-market quotes, a foreign seller fixes a machine price at50 foreign units and a domestic seller fixes an export price at8 domestic credits. No fees or price changes. Quantities purchased are not supplied.
Another separate record: nominal domestic borrowing rate falls from5% to3%, expected inflation from2% to0%. Use the additive expected-real-rate approximation and investment schedule I=60-4r. Foreign rates, risk, actual capital flows and observed trade quantities are unavailable.
An analyst claims: The goods balance is the complete current account; negative net-lending financial transactions prove an outflow. The currency-market shift makes domestic currency depreciate by the same percentage as the reciprocal quote rises. It proves net exports and total output fall by the same percentage. The nominal-rate cut guarantees higher investment and caused the separately stipulated asset-demand shift.
This case is shared across paths that use it. Revisiting it in another course retains drafts and known review-note exposure; it is not a new unseen assessment.
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NEW APPLICATION · VERSION 1
Audit a growth claim and compare a delayed capacity policy
Use this packet for a fresh written application. All records below are original fictional teaching materials. They test reasoning under stated conditions and do not establish actual historical or population facts. Your original course-project draft remains separate.
Fictional comparable annual records. Year A: real output 2400 units, residents 120, employed workers 60, total hours 120000. Year B: output 2640, residents 132, workers 66, total hours 132000. Year C: output 2772, residents 132, workers 66, total hours 126000. Output quality and measurement definitions are fixed. No information identifies training, equipment, worker composition or technology changes.
Separate prospective two-year equipment ledger. Opening stock 150 units; retire 10% of each year's opening stock; install gross investment at year end. Baseline investment 20 each year. Policy scenario investment 12 each year. Ignore other stock changes. An alternative public asset installs 10 units at the end of year one, then depreciates 10% in year two with no new additions. Private and public units are physical counts; their productive services need not be equivalent.
Separate teaching economy: AD P=A-Y, SRAS P=30+Y, potential output 90. Initially A=190. A package adds 20 to A when delivered; no extra multiplier. Before delivery, private recovery raises non-policy A to210. All values are teaching units. At delivery, supply and potential are unchanged.
Later success scenario: the package raises potential output to100 and changes SRAS to P=10+Y. AD remains P=230-Y. Failure scenario: no productive-capacity improvement. No longer-run wage/price adjustment rule, probabilities, policy costs or distributional effects are supplied. These are stipulated scenarios, not observed impacts of the equipment ledger.
An adviser claims: Year B proves workers became10% more productive and everyone became better off. Year C proves training caused a10% hourly productivity gain. Any positive gross investment grows the capital stock; public units replace private productive services one for one. The package closes the original output gap even if private recovery occurs before delivery, and the later success scenario proves the policy is worth its cost.
This case is shared across paths that use it. Revisiting it in another course retains drafts and known review-note exposure; it is not a new unseen assessment.
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NEW APPLICATION · VERSION 1
Reconcile inflation, expectations and a changing debt ratio
Use this packet for a fresh written application. All records below are original fictional teaching materials. They test reasoning under stated conditions and do not establish actual historical or population facts. Your original course-project draft remains separate.
Separate fictional annual records, consistent definitions. Year 0: money stock100 credits, velocity4 per year, real output200 units. Year 1: money110, velocity4, real output220. Year 2: money121, velocity3.8, real output220. Year 3: money133.1, velocity3.8, real output242. Use MV=PY; P is credits per output unit. These observations do not supply a behavioral model or an identified monetary intervention.
Separate one-period teaching model: inflation pi=e-(u-5)+s, with all rates in percentage-point numbers. Expected inflation e initially2, natural unemployment5, disturbance s initially0. An observed point has unemployment6 and inflation4. Compare two proposed explanations: e remains2 while s becomes3; or e becomes5 while s stays0. Do not assume either explanation is observed. The vertical natural-rate benchmark is u=5; a stationary expectations-consistent point additionally requires no disturbance and actual inflation equal to expected inflation.
An analyst argues: Money grows10% each year, so inflation is10% each year. The unemployment/inflation point uniquely proves expectations increased, and the natural-rate intersection is always stationary. A lower debt/GDP ratio proves repayment, while a rising ratio proves a deficit. The asset acquisition must be added to purchases, and these records demonstrate that one policy caused every outcome.
This case is shared across paths that use it. Revisiting it in another course retains drafts and known review-note exposure; it is not a new unseen assessment.
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Record output
Citation ID:
social:independent:macroeconomics:v1-outputFictional economy: nominal output rises from 200 to 242 units while a compatible output price index rises from 100 to 110. Use this one-index simplification; it is not an official chain-weighted calculation.