Investigate the relationship between economic transformation, public power and citizenship after Reconstruction.
Introductory survey and inquiry sequence. Independent primary-source reading, scholarly bibliography and human-reviewed research are required for the proposed project. This site does not award college credit. The I/II boundary is 1877: I ends with Reconstruction; II begins after it. Boundary context may be revisited without duplicating the survey requirement. Course update, 25 October 2026: six shared investigations and new allotment, Chinese-exclusion, Pullman labor, senatorial reform and Social Security investigations now join the later U.S. history sequence. They count in this course’s current lesson total, so its completion fraction can change. Existing lesson completions, drafts, attempts and project submissions are retained; this update does not revoke them. The college History II path expands from four to fifteen investigations. This is still developing survey coverage: broader industrial labor history, western expansion and Indigenous sovereignty, broader immigration history, Progressive reform, the New Deal, world wars, postwar social change and recent history require further dedicated depth.
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Connect industrial growth to labor organization, exclusion and overseas power.
Open investigationCompare federal allotment provisions with Cherokee institutional history and repair unsupported claims about land and government.
Open investigationRead a discriminatory immigration statute by provision and distinguish entry, documentation, naturalization and enforcement.
Open investigationConnect company housing, a wage dispute, union networks and federal intervention through a dated evidence map.
Open investigationConnect migration and cultural production without reducing art to a population statistic.
Open investigationAnalyze a 1911 cartoon, compare constitutional selection rules, and trace reform from advocacy to ratification and election.
Open investigationInvestigate program design, run a bounded 1937 payroll experiment, and compare the original law with a later payment case.
Open investigationConnect movement organizing, policy decisions and actual enforcement.
Open investigationForeign policy combines diagnoses, instruments and predicted consequences. A presidential speech directly supports claims about what its speaker proposed and argued; evaluating the diagnosis or the result requires additional evidence.
Open investigationEqual protection can arise in education and representation, but the legal questions differ.
Open investigationA crisis bargain can connect reciprocal assurances and observable steps. Each party may frame its actions differently, and a public message may omit other negotiations. Analyze what is offered, conditional, claimed and verifiable.
Open investigationEvaluate movement strategies and contemporary claims through multiple disciplines.
Open investigationEvaluate recent change with comparable measures and explicit uncertainty.
Open investigationInvestigate the relationship between economic transformation, public power and citizenship after Reconstruction. Select a bounded question, at least three primary sources and two scholarly interpretations, then defend the source selection.
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The author lived then, so the account proves what everyone thought.
The account supports a claim about this author’s stated position in this setting. Its audience and purpose may shape what is emphasized. Compare a contemporaneous source from a different position before extending the claim to a wider population.
The revision preserves the primary source’s value while restricting the population claim. A stronger completed response would name the actual author, date, audience and contrasting passage.
| Criterion | Developing evidence | Supported evidence | Well-substantiated evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Question and context | A broad topic or undefined population. | A focused question, time/place and relevant definitions. | A justified scope with context that changes the interpretation. |
| Sources and claims | Names a source but does not connect its contents to a claim. | Cites specific records and explains provenance and relevance. | Weighs limitations, corroboration and meaningful disagreement. |
| Mechanism and analysis | Gives a conclusion with missing steps or unclear units. | Shows a valid causal chain, calculation or interpretation. | Tests a credible alternative and explains sensitivity or uncertainty. |
| Transfer and revision | Repeats the worked answer despite changed facts. | Adapts the reasoning to the unfamiliar case. | Explains why the change matters and what evidence would reverse the conclusion. |
Use “missing” when no relevant evidence is supplied. Do not average these descriptions into an automatic pass score. Record whether the learner followed an example, used guidance or worked independently, and review quality separately.
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Record wages
Citation ID:
social:independent:us-later:v1-wagesFictional city study, 1910–1920: average daily manufacturing pay rises from 2 to 3 currency units; the local living-cost index rises from 100 to 140. Hours and employment composition are not supplied.