Learn Build the observation event, distinguish fresh restarts from retained information, and compare exact expected inspection work under explicit sampling assumptions.
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The reporting mechanism determines the conditional distribution.
Not generally. Randomly revealing a hand member weights a hand by its fraction of marked tokens. Conditioning on containment instead weights every qualifying hand equally.
Inspection-tree tests can be dependent even when item defects are independent.
No. Linearity applies to finite sums with finite expectations. Independence is used separately when deriving a pool’s negative probability.
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Audit the observation rule and expected workload
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Count hands and reveal outcomes separately, derive size-weighted posteriors, and track how a reporting policy changes the evidence.
6 practice tasks.
Separate terminal outcome probabilities, unresolved capped runs and expected attempts, while checking that a restart really reproduces the same independent experiment.
6 practice tasks.
Derive inspection costs from an explicit branching protocol, bound a rare-defect approximation, and change the sampling and recursion assumptions.
6 practice tasks.