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Mathematics · unit version 1

Constructing the real numbers

Build an ordered complete field from rational Cauchy sequences, proving arithmetic, order and completeness without assuming real limits in advance.

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Readiness and preparation

Check your starting point

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What must be checked before using a formula on equivalence classes?

Different rational sequences can represent the same new number.

Compare reasoning and find a refresher

Equivalent representatives must produce equivalent outputs; a formula on representatives is not automatically well-defined on classes.

Review equivalence classes

Does a rational Cauchy sequence require a known limit?

This unit constructs limits rather than assuming they already exist.

Compare reasoning and find a refresher

No. Its definition only compares sufficiently late terms using each positive rational tolerance. Do not invoke completeness of the real numbers as a premise.

Review the Cauchy definition; set aside the real completeness theorem

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Representatives, diagonals and a new irrational cut

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Lesson sequence

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  1. Rational Cauchy classes and arithmetic

    Lesson details and objectives

    Build field operations on equivalence classes of rational Cauchy sequences using rational estimates, including a justified reciprocal construction.

    • Prove boundedness and quotient equivalence using only positive rational tolerances.
    • Construct sum and product operations and prove independence from representatives.
    • Embed the rationals and construct inverses of nonzero classes by an eventual lower bound and finite-prefix repair.

    6 practice tasks.

  2. Order the completion and locate its rational points

    Lesson details and objectives

    Construct an ordered field from rational Cauchy classes without borrowing real completeness, then prove rational approximation and density.

    • Prove representative-independent positivity and trichotomy using rational Cauchy estimates.
    • Establish ordered-field compatibility, absolute-value inequalities and Archimedean bounds.
    • Prove that representative terms approximate their class and use that fact to place a rational strictly between any two distinct ordered classes.

    6 practice tasks.

  3. Prove completeness of the constructed field

    Lesson details and objectives

    Build limits from rational approximations, derive least upper bounds, and construct an irrational root without assuming it already exists.

    • Construct a limit of a Cauchy sequence of rational-sequence classes without invoking real completeness.
    • Prove both upper-bound and leastness properties of a rational-bisection limit.
    • Construct and identify an irrational square root using rational comparisons and controlled residuals.

    6 practice tasks.